The word Qiwamah as mentioned in verse 34 of Surat An-Nisa’ means that the man is in charge of the woman and has the authority to discipline her if he fears defiant disobedience on her part.

The believing woman should be content with the fact that Allah has prescribed polygamy, and she should believe that there is wisdom in it and that it serves an interest. She should not resent this ruling, even if she has a natural aversion to the presence of a co-wife who competes with her, just as men dislike fighting a war.

Islam has ordained restrictions and rulings that make it difficult for the man to issue a divorce, and reduce the incidence of divorce. It has not given the man the power to issue a divorce whenever he wishes. These restrictions include: 1. The basic principle regarding divorce is that it is not allowed, either by way of prohibition or by way of it being disliked. 2. Allah has given the power of divorce to the husband, not to the wife. 3. It is not permissible for a man to divorce his wife when she is menstruating. 4. The wife is not to be made to leave her house after divorce takes place. 5. Islam has set the number of divorces that the husband can issue as three.

1. Custody of the child is a right that is shared by the spouses if they are still married. If divorce occurs, then the mother has more right to custody. But if she remarries, custody passes to the next in line. 2. If the woman does not remarry and the child reaches the age of seven, if the child is male, he is given the choice between his father and his mother, and he will live with the one whom he chooses. However, if the child is female, there are different opinions regarding that. 3. Child custody ends when the child reaches puberty and the age of maturity, at which time he may choose whichever he wishes of his parents. The child also has the right to live separately from them if he is male. 4. Spending on the children’s maintenance during custody is the duty of the father.

1. If the `Iddah of a woman who has been divorced revocably ends, then the one who divorced her no longer has any right of guardianship over her, and she may go out or stay overnight wherever she wishes. 2. If the `Iddah has not yet ended, then the revocably-divorced woman is permitted to go out of her house, and she is not forbidden to do that, unlike the one whose husband has died, but she should not go out of her house unless her husband gives her permission.

Breastfeeding establishes a Mahram relationship if it meets two conditions: 1- There must be five or more breastfeedings, and no less than that; 2- The breastfeeding must occur within the time when the infant is usually nourished by breastfeeding. However, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal states that the Mahram relationship is established if the child is breastfed within the first two years.

• Shighar marriage is prohibited according to the teachings of Islam because of what it involves of injustice towards the woman and denying her rights, as well as exploitation of the position of guardianship. There are three types of Shighar marriage in Islam. • If it becomes clear to a person that his marriage was done on the basis of Shighar, then he must annul this marriage and do a new marriage contract, fulfilling all the necessary conditions, and he must specify a dowry for his wife that they agree upon.

It is permissible to do online nikah if there is no danger of tampering, the identity of the husband and wali is proven, and the two witnesses can hear the proposal and acceptance.

1- Khul’ means the separation of the wife in return for a payment; the husband takes the payment and lets his wife go. 2- The husband should take his payment or they should agree upon it, then he should say to her “faraqtuki” (I separate from you) or “khala’tuki (I let you go), or other such words.

1- If a man wants to get married, and he has decided to propose to a particular woman, then he may go to her guardian on his own, or with one of his relatives such as his father or brother, or he may delegate someone else to propose marriage on his behalf. 2- If the girl and her family agree, then a mahr has to be agreed upon, and the wedding expenses and the wedding date, and so on. This varies according to local customs, and what the man can afford and what preparations he has made for getting married.