الله أكبر

他在斋月的最后一天信仰了伊斯兰，他必须要交纳开斋捐吗？

有孕妇为自己或者胎儿专门念的祈祷词吗？

只有在发生灾难或者不幸之后才应该向真主祈求忍耐

家庭与斋月一切赞颂，全归真主。&nbsp;真主赐予穆斯林的恩典之一就是让他们得知斋月来临，然后襄助他们履行斋月的斋戒和夜间拜，在这个月份中履行各种善功会获得重复加倍的报酬和更高的品级，真主在这个月份中会释放火狱中的罪人，穆斯林应该充分利用这个月份，争先恐后的去做利己利人的善事和善功，积极主动的服从真主的命令。有多少人因为生病、去世或者迷误而无法获得这个月份的报酬。穆斯林必须要利用这个月份强化功修，还要对孩子们履行责无旁贷的义务，要很好的教育和关怀他们、鼓励他们争先恐后的行善，并且乐此不疲，养成习惯；因为孩子会遵循父亲的教导，茁壮成长；俗话说：少年积习，老年难除。值此吉庆的日子来临之际，父母必须要抓住机会教育孩子，我们对父母的嘱咐如下：1 监督孩子们每天封斋，督促他们，不要松懈和怠慢；2 告诉他们斋戒的实质：斋戒不仅仅是放弃饮食，而是达到敬畏的途径，也是饶恕罪恶的和罚赎过错的良机；3 给他们教导饮食的礼仪和教法律例，比如使用右手用餐、食用面前的食物；提醒他们不可浪费食物，过分的饮食会伤及身体，这是教法禁止的；4 阻止他们长时间的吃开斋饭而失去昏礼的集体礼拜；5 让他们了解穷人和赤贫者的情况，他们一无所有，饥肠辘辘，找不到熄灭饥饿之火的一口食物；还应该让他们了解世界各地为主道迁移和奋斗的人们的情况；6 在尊贵的斋月中应该走访亲戚，共同聚会，接续骨肉，这是在许多穆斯林国家中穆斯林的优良传统和习惯，借此机会加强亲戚之间的关系；7 让孩子们帮助母亲准备饭桌和食物，收拾餐桌和保存剩余的饭菜；8 为间歇拜做准备，开斋的时候少吃东西，按时去清真寺集体履行间歇拜；9 父母给孩子讲述封斋饭的益处和吉庆，封斋饭有助于完成一天的斋戒；10 晨礼之前应该留下充分的时间，在夜间的最后一部分做夜间拜，让没有做&ldquo;奇数拜&rdquo;的人完成&ldquo;奇数拜&rdquo;，然后向真主虔诚实意的祈祷；11 成年的孩子应该注按时去清真寺参加晨礼的集体拜，我们看到许多人在黎明之前醒来，吃了封斋饭，然后上床睡觉，放弃了晨礼的礼拜。12 先知（愿主福安之）在斋月最后十日的教导就是：复活夜晚，叫醒家人，履行夜间拜；这说明家庭必须要充分的利用这些吉庆的时刻，博取真主的喜悦；丈夫应该唤醒妻子和孩子们，一起履行夜间拜，获得接近真主的品级；13 家中也许有小孩子，他们在封斋的时候需要家长的鼓励，所以父亲应该鼓励他们吃封斋饭，通过表扬和奖励督促他们完成整个斋月或者半个月的斋戒；穆奥维兹的女儿鲁拜伊尔（愿主喜悦之）传述：她说：在阿舒拉日的早晨，真主的使者（愿主福安之）派人到辅士的村庄向人们宣布：&ldquo;早晨没有封斋的人，应在这一天剩余的时间中封斋；在早上已经封斋的人，应接着封斋，完成这一天的斋戒。&rdquo;她还说：此后我们仍然封斋，并且让孩子们也封斋，（带着他们去了清真寺）。我们为孩子们找来了一些羊毛玩具，谁哭着要吃的时候，我们就给他一只羊毛玩具玩耍，直到他坚持到开斋。《布哈里圣训实录》（1859段）和《穆斯林圣训实录》（1136段）辑录。伊玛目脑威（愿主怜悯之）说：&ldquo;在这段圣训中说明应该从小锻炼未成年的小孩子服从真主，让他们逐渐习惯履行宗教功修。&rdquo;《穆斯林圣训实录之解释》（8 / 14）14 如果父母有机会带着全家人在斋月中去履行副朝，则为自己和家人积攒了莫大的福分，因为在斋月中履行的副朝可以获得正朝的报酬，最好在斋月刚开始的时候就去，这样就能避免拥挤。15 丈夫不应该要求妻子去做力所不及的事情，比如过分的准备食物和各种甜点。许多人把斋月当做改善伙食的机会，借机大吃大喝，花样百出，挥霍浪费，因而失去了斋月的吉庆，使封斋的人无法达到封斋的哲理，那就是获得敬畏真主的品级。16 斋月是《古兰经》的月份，我们奉劝每个穆斯林在家中举行诵读《古兰经》的座谈，父亲给家人和孩子们教授《古兰经》的读法规则，让他们了解经文的意义；也可以学习封斋的教法律例和礼节，在这一方面的著作和书籍很多，应该每天选择一个题目，共同学习，让大家获益，一起进步。17 鼓励家人和孩子们乐善好施，了解邻居和穷人们的困难，慷慨解囊；伊本&middot;阿巴斯（愿主喜悦之）传述：真主的使者（愿主福安之）是最慷慨好施的人；当他在斋月中与杰布利来天使会见的时候尤为慷慨；他在斋月的每天晚上与杰布利来天使会见，一起复习《古兰经》，真主的使者（愿主福安之）比温暖的和风更加慷慨好施。《布哈里圣训实录》（6段）和《穆斯林圣训实录》（2308段）辑录。18&#8230;


家庭与斋月

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