Shab e Barat is a bid`ah and there is no celebration in Sha’ban and there is no special act of worship to be performed in mid-Sha’ban or during the last days of the month. For more, please see the detailed answer.

Salat al-Raghaib is a bid`ah that has been introduced in Rajab. It is done on the night of the first Friday in Rajab, between Maghrib and `Isha, and is preceded by fasting on the first Thursday of Rajab.

There is no sound hadith to indicate that there is any special virtue in fasting in Rajab. But there is a report from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) which indicates that it is recommended to fast during the sacred months. For more, please see the detailed answer.

If the pilgrim does any of the restrictions of Ihram deliberately with no excuse, he has sinned and the violation is of three types: 1. That for which there is no Fidyah, which is entering into a marriage contract. 2. That for which the Fidyah is to sacrifice a camel, which is having intercourse before the first stage of exiting Ihram. 3. That for which the Fidyah is to fast for three days, which may be done consecutively or separately, as he chooses; or to sacrifice a sheep of a type that is acceptable for the `Eid sacrifice, or one-seventh of a camel or of a cow instead, and to distribute its meat among the poor and not eat any of it himself; or to feed six poor persons, giving each one half a Sa` of staple food. He is given the choice between these three options if he removes any hair or nails, puts on perfume, touches a woman with desire (but without having intercourse), if a woman puts on gloves or a face-veil, or if a male puts on form-fitting clothes or covers his head.

We do not think it is prescribed to exchange congratulations on Fridays, such as saying to one another ‘Jumuah mubarakah’ and so on.

It is permissible for one who is in a state of Janabah (ritual impurity following sexual discharge) to listen to the Quran so long as he does not move his tongue in recitation.